If asked, most of us probably have a very similar view of what theater is, but despite this universal idea of something acted out, usually on a stage, for our entertainment, there are many types of theater specific to various cultures around the world. In some countries, like Japan for example, the types of theater are defined by very specific styles and conventions, even rules. Traditional theater anywhere, has usually developed through many centuries, yet retains many of its original characteristics even when being performed on modern stages. Here’s some interesting types of theater from around the world.
Noh theater is one of the oldest and most established forms of traditional Japanese theater that has been around since the 14th century. It is a performance of song and dance that is steeped in tradition and performed by all-male casts. The performers wear heavy and ornate costumes and move slowly with a monotonous dialogue. The themes of Noh theater often relate to the supernatural, the spiritual world, dreams, and stories drawn from history, legend and literature. The lead character, or Shite, usually wears a mask carved from Japanese Cypress, which tells the audience what kind of character he is.
The stage for Noh theater is unique and consists of a square roof supported by four corner pillars, open on three sides, and with a back wall painted with an image of a pine tree. The audience sits in the open space in front of the stage. The music of Noh theater is played by a small orchestra consisting of drums, flutes, and a stringed instrument called the biwa.
Wayang, also known as Javanese puppet theater, is a traditional form of theater in Indonesia that dates back to the 1st century. It is believed to have originated from India or China and has since evolved into different regional variations, such as Javanese Wayang and Balinese Wayang. The most well-known form is Wayang Kulit, where puppets made from buffalo hides are manipulated in front of a light to cast shadows on a white screen. Wayang performances can last for a whole night and require great endurance from both the performers and the audience. This ancient art form is not only a form of entertainment but also serves as a way to preserve cultural and historical stories in Indonesia.
Kathakali is an ancient Indian theatre form that originated in the 17th century in the southern state of Kerala. It is a highly stylized form of theatre, where performers use elaborate costumes and makeup, intricate gestures, and body movements, all perfectly timed to the music. The stories performed are based on the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics, with only a third of the original 101 stories still in existence today.
The music of Kathakali is characterized by its use of percussion and drums, which have been developed over the centuries. The music is integral to the performance, and the performers must time their movements and gestures to the beats of the music. The costumes are traditionally bright and colourful, and the makeup is also highly stylized.
Kathakali is a unique form of theatre that has been passed down through generations, and is still popular today. It is a great example of how traditional theatre forms can be adapted and kept alive in the modern age. It is also an important part of Indian culture, and many people travel to Kerala to experience it. It is a great way to learn about the history and culture of India, and to appreciate the beauty of this traditional art form.
Chinese opera is one of the most popular and diverse forms of theater in the world. It has a long and rich history, with roots that can be traced back to the Song Dynasty (960-1279). During the Yuan Dynasty, it was further refined and developed into a more sophisticated and regimented form with a 4-5 act structure. Today, there are believed to be 368 different styles of Chinese opera, and the most popular form is Beijing Opera.
Chinese opera is a unique combination of music, dance, acrobatics, and martial arts. The performances are highly stylized, with performers wearing intricate costumes and elaborate makeup. The music of Chinese opera is a mix of traditional Chinese music and Western music, and it is often accompanied by percussion and wind instruments.
The stories of Chinese opera are often based on folklore, myths, and historical events, and they are usually centered around a hero who must overcome adversity and face danger in order to save the day. The stories are often filled with humor and irony, and they often include themes of loyalty, justice, and courage.
Yoruba Theater is a popular form of theater in Nigeria, particularly in the southwestern region where the Yoruba people reside. It is a vibrant and colorful performance, incorporating elements of mime, music, and dance. The stories told in Yoruba theater are often based on traditional folk tales, historical events, or social commentary. This type of theater emerged in the 1940s and has since become a staple in Nigerian culture. Professional traveling troupes are responsible for bringing Yoruba theater to different communities and audiences. It is a unique form of theater that showcases the rich culture and traditions of the Yoruba people.
Have you ever been to a performance of any of these theatrical forms? I’d love to hear if you have any types of theater in your own country or region.
The popularity of Lakhon Bassac is due to its combination of Cambodian, Vietnamese, and Indian theatrical elements. This makes it an exciting form of theater for both local and international audiences. It is also very accessible, as it is performed by both male and female actors.
The costumes worn by the performers are also an important part of the theater. The male costumes are based on traditional Vietnamese opera costumes, while the female characters are dressed in traditional Cambodian dress. The exaggerated, melodramatic and comic gestures used to portray scenes from ancient Khmer literature are a highlight of the performance.
Lakhon Bassac is usually performed in a large outdoor venue, such as a temple or a palace. The audience will often be seated on the ground, and the performance can last up to several hours.
In recent years, Lakhon Bassac has become an important part of Cambodian culture, and it has also gained recognition internationally. It has been performed in countries such as France, the United States, and Canada. There are also several organizations dedicated to preserving and promoting this form of theater.